每位伴侣必须知道的5个怀孕红旗

突然出现的严重头痛——她形容为她一生中最严重的头痛，或与她以前经历过的任何头痛根本不同——加上视觉障碍是子痫前期的标志性警告信号。这是一种危及生命的状况，可能在数小时内升级为癫痫（子痫）或器官衰竭。

子痫前期影响5-8%的怀孕，特征是危险的高血压，损害全身的血管。它通常在20周后发展，但也可能更早出现，甚至在产后出现。

需要注意的视觉变化：视力模糊、看到斑点或闪光、单眼或双眼暂时失明，或光敏感。其他相关症状包括面部和手部突然肿胀（不是正常的脚踝肿胀——这不同）、右上腹部疼痛（肋骨下方，表明肝脏受累）、在第二或第三孕期突然恶心或呕吐，以及在几天内因液体潴留而迅速增加的体重。

伴侣需要知道这一点的原因：她可能会轻描淡写这些症状。怀孕期间头痛很常见，她可能认为这是脱水或压力。肿胀在怀孕期间很常见，她可能没有意识到面部和手部肿胀与脚踝肿胀不同。你可能会在她之前注意到这些变化——或者你可能是那个说：“这个头痛不同。我们要去急诊室。”

子痫前期是全球母亲死亡的第二大原因。唯一的治疗方法是分娩。通过识别这些症状进行早期检测可以挽救生命。不要拨打办公室电话等待回电。去急诊室。

任何在一小时内浸透一片卫生巾的出血在怀孕的任何阶段都是医疗紧急情况。不要等着看它是否减缓。不要试图自己评估。赶紧去急诊室。

在第一孕期，大量出血可能表明流产（可能需要医疗干预以防止危险的失血）或异位妊娠——受精卵在子宫外着床，最常见于输卵管。破裂的异位妊娠会导致危及生命的内部出血。异位破裂的警告信号：一侧突然剧烈疼痛、头晕或晕厥，以及肩部疼痛。

在第二和第三孕期，大量出血更令人担忧，因为它可能表明前置胎盘（胎盘部分或完全覆盖宫颈）或胎盘早剥（胎盘在分娩前从子宫壁分离）。胎盘早剥是真正的紧急情况——它切断了婴儿的氧气供应，并可能导致母亲大量出血。迹象包括大量出血、严重腹痛、腹部僵硬或压痛，以及背痛。

轻微的点滴出血呢？轻微的点滴出血（几滴）在第一孕期很常见，通常是无害的。但它仍然需要在24小时内拨打医生的电话。“拨打医生”和“去急诊室”之间的区别在于出血量和伴随症状。

作为伴侣，你的角色是：如果她从浴室打电话给你说她在出血，去找她。问问出血量——是几滴还是在流？有疼痛吗？她头晕吗？如果有任何疑虑，你就去。医院永远不会因为你谨慎而责怪你。

在大约28周后，婴儿的运动模式变得相对一致。每个婴儿都是不同的——有些非常活跃，有些则比较温和——但重要的是婴儿的个体模式。与该模式的明显变化是采取行动的理由。

标准方法是踢数：每天一次（理想情况下在婴儿通常活跃的时间），她侧卧并计算感觉到10次明显运动所需的时间。踢、翻滚、戳和打嗝都算数。大多数婴儿在30分钟到2小时内达到10次。

何时需要担心：如果她在2小时内没有感觉到10次运动，如果婴儿在几个小时内明显安静，或者如果她只是感觉有些不对。母亲对胎动减少的直觉在许多胎儿窘迫的情况下是最早的警告信号。

第一步：让她喝点冷甜的饮料（橙汁是经典），侧卧在左侧，专注于运动一个小时。通常婴儿会醒来。如果没有——或者如果她仍然感到不安——拨打医生的电话或直接去分娩监护。不要等到明天。不要等到早上的预约。

胎动减少可能表明脐带问题、胎盘功能不全（胎盘未能提供足够的营养或氧气）或其他并发症。在许多情况下，通过踢数进行早期检测可以进行干预，从而挽救婴儿的生命。

作为她的伴侣，你可能是鼓励她拨打电话的人。女性往往犹豫，担心自己成为负担或反应过度。成为那个说：“我们去检查一下吧。我宁愿无事而去，也不愿在有问题时不去。”

怀孕期间体温超过100.4°F（38°C）需要迅速就医。发烧在怀孕期间不仅令人不适——它可能直接伤害发育中的婴儿，并可能表明潜在的危险感染。

为什么发烧是危险的：在第一孕期，持续的高体温与神经管缺陷有关。在整个怀孕期间，发烧可能表明感染，这可能引发早产。某些感染——特别是绒毛膜羊膜炎（羊水和膜的感染）——是需要立即分娩的医疗紧急情况。

怀孕期间发烧的常见原因：尿路感染（在怀孕期间极为常见，可能迅速升级为肾感染）、流感和COVID-19（在怀孕期间都存在更高的严重疾病风险）、食源性疾病（李斯特菌病、沙门氏菌）、阑尾炎或其他腹部感染，以及绒毛膜羊膜炎（发烧 + 恶臭分泌物 + 子宫压痛 = 紧急情况）。

该怎么办：用真正的温度计测量她的体温。如果超过100.4°F，给她服用对乙酰氨基酚（Tylenol）以退烧——在怀孕期间是安全的。不要给布洛芬（Advil、Motrin）或阿司匹林。多喝水。拨打她的妇产科医生办公室或去急救中心。

如果：发烧超过102°F，她有寒战或颤抖，腹痛或子宫压痛，阴道分泌物有异味，她有宫缩，她感到困惑或异常嗜睡，或者发烧对对乙酰氨基酚没有反应，请去急诊室。

预防很重要：在怀孕期间推荐接种流感疫苗和COVID疫苗。如果她还没有接种，请与她的医生讨论。这不仅是为了她——母体抗体会穿过胎盘，保护婴儿在生命的头几个月。

This is the red flag that gets the least attention and may be the most important. Suicide is a leading cause of death during pregnancy and in the first year postpartum. Perinatal mood disorders — including prenatal depression and anxiety — affect up to 1 in 5 pregnant women, and suicidal ideation is far more common than most people think.

Warning signs: persistent sadness or hopelessness lasting more than two weeks, withdrawing from activities and people she normally enjoys, expressing worthlessness or feeling like a burden ("You'd all be better off without me"), talking about death or not wanting to be alive, giving away possessions, dramatic changes in sleep (can't sleep despite exhaustion, or sleeping all the time), loss of interest in the pregnancy or the baby, increased substance use, and extreme mood swings beyond normal pregnancy hormones.

If she expresses any thoughts of self-harm or suicide — even casually, even as a "joke" — take it seriously every single time. Here's what to do:

Stay with her. Don't leave her alone. Listen without judgment and without trying to fix it. Don't say "it's just hormones" or "think about the baby" — these responses shut down the conversation and increase shame.

Take action: call a suicide and crisis line for immediate guidance — findahelpline.com lists them in over 130 countries. Contact Postpartum Support International — they support people during pregnancy too, and have volunteers in many countries. Contact her OB or midwife to report what's happening. If she's in immediate danger, call your local emergency number.

Perinatal depression is highly treatable. Therapy, medication (several antidepressants are considered safe in pregnancy), and support groups can make an enormous difference. You cannot fix this yourself, and you shouldn't try. Your role is to be the bridge between her and professional help — and to make sure she knows she's not broken, she's not weak, and she's not alone.

The time to prepare for a pregnancy emergency is right now — while you're calm, thinking clearly, and have time to be thorough. In an actual emergency, adrenaline makes you forget basic things. Preparation turns panic into a checklist.

On your phone right now: save her OB/midwife's office number AND their after-hours emergency line. Save the hospital's labor and delivery direct line (not the main switchboard — call and ask for the L&D direct number). Program the hospital address into your GPS favorites. Save a crisis line from findahelpline.com and your local poison control number.

Know these things from memory: her blood type (critical if she needs a transfusion), her current medications and drug allergies, her pregnancy complications or risk factors (gestational diabetes, preeclampsia risk, placenta previa, etc.), the name of her OB/midwife, and the five red flags from this page.

Keep ready by the door (from 34 weeks onward): the hospital bag, her insurance card and ID (keep copies on your phone too), a phone charger, and a printed medication and allergy list.

Have a plan for: who watches other kids if you have them, who drives if you've been drinking, an alternate route to the hospital if your usual road is blocked, and who to call if you need support at the hospital.

The most important thing you bring to any emergency isn't a bag or a phone number — it's the ability to act decisively because you prepared in advance. She may be in pain, scared, or unable to advocate for herself. In those moments, you are her voice. The time you spend preparing now is one of the most meaningful acts of partnership during pregnancy.